He arrived in Santiago de Cuba on 4 November 1549 and declared the liberty of the indigenous population. Columbus claimed the island for the new Kingdom of Spain and named it Isla Juana (“John’s Island”) after John, Prince of Asturias. The earliest evidence of the Taíno people on Cuba dates to the 9th century.
It has been described as a crisis that is “threatening the stability” of Cuba, which “already has one of the hemisphere’s oldest populations”. According to Carmelo Mesa-Lago, there is widespread consensus that the policies of the revolutionary government decreased poverty until the end of the Cold War. Any firm that hires a Cuban must pay the Cuban government, which in turn pays the employee in Cuban pesos (CUP). Most of the means of production are owned and run by the government, and most of the labor force is employed by the state. Cuba was ranked 19th by the number of imprisoned journalists of any nation in 2021update according to various sources, including the Committee to Protect Journalists and Human Rights Watch. In July 2010, the unofficial Cuban Human Rights Commission said there were 167 political prisoners in Cuba, a fall from 201 at the start of the year.
Mental health
Cuba has historically—before and during communist rule—performed better than other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean on several socioeconomic indicators, such as literacy, infant mortality, and life expectancy. Raúl retired as president of the Council of State in 2018, and Miguel Díaz-Canel was elected president by the National Assembly following parliamentary elections. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Cuba faced a severe economic downturn in the 1990s, known as the Special Period. During the 1970s through the late 1980s, Cuba intervened in numerous conflicts in support of anti-colonial and Marxist governments or movements across Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. The country under Castro was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 is widely considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into nuclear war.
ChatGPT gained one million users in five days and 100 million in two months, becoming the fastest-growing internet application in history. In The Atlantic magazine’s “Breakthroughs of the Year” for 2022, Derek Thompson included ChatGPT as part of “the generative-AI eruption” that “may change our mind about how we work, how we think, and what human creativity is”. Samantha Lock of The Guardian noted that it was able to generate “impressively detailed” and “human-like” text. Released in February 2025, GPT-4.5 was described by Altman as a “giant, expensive model”. O1 is designed to solve more complex problems by spending more time “thinking” before it answers, enabling it to analyze its answers and explore different strategies.
These labels were used to train a model to detect such content in the future. These rankings were used to create “reward models” that were used to fine-tune the model further by using several iterations of proximal policy optimization. The fine-tuning process involved supervised learning and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). ChatGPT is based on GPT foundation models that have been fine-tuned for conversational assistance. The service gained 100 million users in two months, making it the fastest-growing consumer software application in history.
- The main island is surrounded by a submerged platform covering an additional 30,000 square miles (78,000 square km).
- In 1958 Cuba was a well-advanced country compared to other Latin American regions, but it was affected by perhaps Latin America’s largest labor union privileges, including bans on dismissals and mechanization.
- Monetary reforms in 2021 introduced shocks of inflation, further exacerbating the country’s food scarcity and boosting the black market’s prominence.
- However, in his “History Will Absolve Me” speech, Fidel Castro mentioned that national issues relating to land, industrialization, housing, unemployment, education, and health were contemporary problems.
- A temperature rise of 2 °C above preindustrial levels can increase the likelihood of extreme hurricane rainfall by three times in Cuba.
- The labor unions, manipulated by the previous government since 1948 through union “yellowness”, supported Batista.
- (due to economic crisis the 1990s census had to be postponed to 2002).
GPT-4.5
It does sometimes go a little bit crazy, and OpenAI has been honest about the ‘hallucinations’ that ChatGPT can have, and the problems inherent in these LLMs. Once you give ChatGPT a question or prompt, it passes through the AI model and the chatbot produces a response based on the information you’ve given and how that fits into its vast amount of training data. Finally, Plus users get access to Sora for AI video generation. ChatGPT Plus users get access to ChatGPT Voice as well as ChatGPT search and the new Study mode. Sora AI video generation is also available to Plus users.
OpenAI has sometimes mitigated this effect by updating the training data. The feature is not available for users in the UK, Switzerland, or the European Economic Area, and is available on a waitlist basis everywhere else. On January 7, 2026, OpenAI introduced a feature called “ChatGPT Health”, whereby ChatGPT can discuss the user’s health in a way that is separate from other chats. At launch, the feature was limited to purchases on Etsy from US users with a payment method linked to their OpenAI account. It was capable of autonomously performing tasks through web browser interactions, including filling forms, placing online orders, scheduling appointments, and other browser-based tasks.
Before Cuba was conquered by the Spaniards, three tribes lived on the island. Baseball, basketball, and athletics events are loved by many Cuban people. The Communist Party of Cuba was created in 1965 and has ruled the island ever since. In 1961 Castro officially announced that his government was communist. In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Cuba. The second largest city is Santiago de Cuba.
At one time the whole island was covered with forests, and there are still many cedar (Cedrela odorata), chechem (Metopium brownei), mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), and other valuable trees. Cuba makes maritime claims that include a territorial sea of 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) and an exclusive economic zone of 350,751 km2 (135,426 mi2) with 200 nautical miles (370.4 km; 230.2 mi). The largest natural water mirror is Laguna de Leche at 67.2 km2 (25.9 sq mi), while the man-made Zaza Reservoir, at 113.5 km2 (43.8 sq mi), is the largest inland water surface by area in the country. Its main island is the 17th-largest island in the world by land area. The largest island outside the main island is the Isla de la Juventud is (Isle of Youth) in the southwest, with an area of 2,204 km2 (851 sq mi). The main island (Cuba), at 104,338 km2 (40,285 sq mi), makes up most of the land area and is the 17th-largest island in the world by land area.
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Cuban historians have characterized Magoon’s governorship as introducing political and social corruption. American and European protests against Spanish conduct on the island followed. General Valeriano Weyler, the military governor of Cuba, herded the rural population into what he called reconcentrados, described by international observers as “fortified towns”. The United States declined to recognize the new Cuban government, although many European and Latin American nations did.
GPT-4o
The wages were increased again, between 4 and 9 times, for all the sectors. On 1 January 2021, Cuba’s dual currency system was formally ended, and the convertible Cuban peso (CUC) was phased out, leaving the Cuban peso (CUP) as the country’s sole currency unit. In October, the government allowed stores to purchase house equipment and similar items, using international currency, and send it to Cuba by emigration. It would cut more than one million https://www.betybets.nl/ state jobs, including party bureaucrats who resist the changes. According to Raúl Castro, they could now improve their houses, but the government would not endorse these new houses or improvements.
What is ChatGPT search?
- The reward model of ChatGPT, designed around human oversight, can be over-optimized and thus hinder performance, in an example of an optimization pathology known as Goodhart’s law.
- Cuba, country of the West Indies, the largest single island of the archipelago, and one of the more-influential states of the Caribbean region.
- Any form of discrimination harmful to human dignity is banned under the constitution.
- US citizens can now travel directly to Cuba at certain times of the year.
- A 1933 coup toppled the democratically elected government of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada and began a long period of military influence, particularly by Fulgencio Batista.
In November 2023, OpenAI released GPT Builder a tool for users to customize ChatGPT’s behavior for a specific use case. However, no machine translation services match human expert performance. In December 2023, the Albanian government decided to use ChatGPT for the rapid translation of European Union documents and the analysis of required changes needed for Albania’s accession to the EU. According to the company, Plus provided access during peak periods, no downtime, priority access to new features, and faster response speeds. In December 2024, OpenAI launched a new feature allowing users to call ChatGPT with a telephone for up to 15 minutes per month for free. GPT-based moderation classifiers are used to reduce the risk of harmful outputs being presented to users.
Other settlements followed, including San Cristobal de la Habana, founded in 1514 (southern coast of the island) and then in 1519 (current place), which later became the capital (1607). Descendants of the first settlers of Cuba persisted on the western part of the island until Columbian contact, where they were recorded as the Guanahatabey people, who lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Cuba has an authoritarian government wherein political opposition is prohibited. Cuba was inhabited as early as the 4th millennium BC, with the Guanahatabey and Taíno peoples present at the time of Spanish colonization in the 15th century.
ChatGPT has never been publicly available in China because OpenAI prevented Chinese users from accessing their site. Stanford researchers reported that GPT-4 “passes a rigorous Turing test, diverging from average human behavior chiefly to be more cooperative.” A 2023 study reported that GPT-4 obtained a better score than 99% of humans on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking.
People from Cuba are called Cubans (cubanos in Spanish). The country is made up of the big island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud island (Isle of Youth), and many smaller islands. Cuba is an island country in the Caribbean Sea. In the 2012 Census, the population reached its peak of 11,113,128 people. Juventud Island (Isla de la Juventud; “Isle of Youth”), formerly called Pinos Island (Isla de los Pinos; “Isle of Pines”), is the second largest of the Cuban islands, covering 850 square miles (2,200 square km).
